GRAMMAR SKILLS

Pg. 229- 230, Ex.2

Exercise 2       Word Partners Use the information in the Word Partnership boxes to complete the sentences in the paragraph. More than one answer may be possible. The first one is done as an example.

           

            Heart disease is the number one killer of both men and women in the United States and many other countries. To reduce your chance of having a heart attack, it is important to know the (1) risk factors and eliminate any that you can. Two (2) key factors, age and family history, although they are very important, cannot be changed. However, other (3) contributing factors that add to your risk can be changed. These include your weight, diet, and level of activity. First, there appears to be a (4) direct link between a person’s weight and heart health. If a person is overweight, his or her heart must work harder to deliver blood to all of the parts of the body. Researchers have also (5) find/ found a strong link between diet and heart health. For example, eating foods like oatmeal, fish, nuts, and olive oil can lower cholesterol that might block an artery. Perhaps the most (6) crucial factor is one’s level of activity. Even moderate activity like walking the dog or gardening can be a (7) deciding factor in how long a person will live. People who add more activity to their lifestyle almost always (8) establish a link between their increased activity and a better mood, higher energy level, and even weight loss. While those three factors are firmly established as being important to heart health, some people believe there are other factors as well. For example, some researchers are investigating a (9) possible link between inflamed gums and heart disease. Taking care of your heart is important. To help you sort out the best course of action for you, visit the American Heart Association’s Web site and (10) click on some links.

 

Pg. 312, Ex. 25

Exercise 25     Answer each of the following questions with two complete sentences. Write one sentence with in order to + an infinitive and the other with so that. The first one is done for you.

1.      For what purpose should you think about your intended major?

Ø  You should think about your intended major in order to choose a university that is well- qualified and staffed in your major.

Ø  You should think about your intended major so that you can choose the best university with that major.

2.      For what purpose should you visit different universities’ Web sites?

Ø  You should visit different universities’ Web sites in order to inform yourself about what each university offers.

Ø  You should visit different universities’ websites so that you can inform yourself about what they offer.

3.      For what purpose should you think about your financial situation?

Ø  You should think about your financial situation in order to adjust the quantity of money frequently spent.

Ø  You should think about your financial situation so that you can manage the money regularly wasted.

4.      For what purpose should you find out about your financial aid?

Ø  You should find out about financial aid in order to receive assistance on your economic needs.

Ø  You should find out about financial aid so that you can obtain help with your financial necessities.

5.      For what purpose should you find out about part- time jobs?

Ø  You should find out about part- time jobs in order to recognize the advantages and disadvantages of this shift.

Ø  You should find out about part- time jobs in order to know the qualities of that shift.

Pg. 314, Ex. 26

Exercise 26     Following are four reasons for liking the study of biology. Write a sentence for each of the transitions given. Some of these transitions introduce adverbial clauses of cause. The first one is done for you.

1.      Biology systematically classifies living things.

a)      (because of) :I like the study of biology because of its systematic classification of the living things.

b)      (so): Biology systematically classifies living, so I like the study of it.

c)      (thus): Biology systematically classifies living things; thus, I began liking the study of this course.

 

2.      Biology explains the characteristics of living things.

a)      (because of): I like the study of biology because of its explanation of the characteristics of living things.

b)      (for): I like the study of biology for the simple fact that it explains the characteristics of living things.

c)      (therefore): Biology explains the characteristics of living things; therefore, I like the study of it.

3.      Biology explains the interdependence of living things.

a)      (so): Biology explains the interdependence of living things, so I like the study of it.

b)      (as a result): Biology explains their interdependence of living things; as a result, I like the study of it.

c)      (since): I like the study of biology, since it explains the interdependence of living things.

 

4.      Biology encourages curiosity and research.

a)      (consequently): Biology encourages curiosity and research; consequently, I started liking the study of it.

b)      (for this reason): Biology encourages curiosity and research; for this reason, I like the study of this course.

c)      (because): I like the study of biology because it encourages curiosity and research.

 

Pg. 334, Ex.39

Exercise 39      Combine the following sentences by first using a gerund, then an infinitive, and finally it in the subject position. The first one is done for you.

1.       She takes a math course every semester. This is difficult.

a)      Taking a math course every semester is difficult.  (Gerund)

b)      To take a math course every semester is difficult.  (Infinitive)

c)       It is difficult to take a math course every semester.  (Subject it)

 

2.       During the semester, she goes to class every day. This is a good idea.

a)      Going to class every day during the semester is a good idea. (Gerund)

b)      To go to class every day during the semester is a good idea. (Infinitive)

c)       It is a good idea to go to class every day during the semester. (Subject it)

 

3.       She takes notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board. This is useful.

a)      Taking notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board is useful.  (Gerund)

b)      To take notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board is useful.  (Infinitive)

c)       It is useful to take notes as the professor does the sample problems on the board. (Subject it)

 

4.       She does homework problems regularly. This takes time.

a)      Doing the homework problems regularly takes time.  (Gerund)

b)      To do the homework problems regularly takes time. (Infinitive)

c)       It takes time to do the homework problems regularly.  (Subject it)

 

5.       She turns the homework in every day. This gives her a sense of satisfaction.

a)      Turning the homework in every day gives her a sense of satisfaction.  (Gerund)

b)      To turn the homework in every day gives her a sense of satisfaction.  (Infinitive)

c)       It gives her a sense of satisfaction to turn the homework in every day.  (Subject it)

 

6.       She gets good grades. This is the best reward.

a)      Getting good grades is the best reward.  (Gerund)

b)      To get good grades is the best reward.  (Infinitive)

c)       It is the best reward to get good grades.  (Subject it)